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【寻味中华】广式打边炉：一炉靓汤，浓淡皆可入味******
中新社广州1月31日电 题：广式打边炉：一炉靓汤，浓淡皆可入味
中新社记者 王坚
时值冬日，在一年难有几日严寒的广东，“打边炉”成为人们聚餐的常选菜式。
“这几天广州降温了，挺冷，一家人特意来打边炉，驱寒暖身，滋补一下。”食客王耀排了半小时队，终于和家人在广州一家知名的打边炉餐厅，吃上了炭火花胶鸡汤打边炉。新鲜弹牙的鲍鱼、海螺等海鲜，在沸腾的浓汤中翻滚，诱人的鲜味扑鼻，让一家人尽享美味时光。
打边炉(也称“打甂炉”)是广东人对涮火锅的说法。根据《广州语本字》解释，因置炉于人的左右，人守在炉边，将食物边涮边吃，便有了“打边炉”一说。
与其他地区的火锅不同，最初的打边炉是站着吃的。因此，用来打边炉的筷子，是比普通筷子长一倍的竹筷。区别于北方地区火锅常用金属器具，广式打边炉多用瓦罉(砂锅)。当然，随着人们饮食习惯的变迁，如今打边炉有时也会用铜锅。
对广式打边炉而言，“真功夫”在锅里。广东人重汤头，打边炉自然也以上好高汤为底，加入各式食材入味。根据时令变化，广东人还喜好搭配各类药膳入锅：冬瓜和薏米清热解毒，萝卜和羊肉补气养血，山药茯苓益气祛湿……大快朵颐的同时，还起到了养生的效果。而蘸料则以沙茶酱为主，使其滋味更加独特。
广东还有“清水打边炉才是最高境界”一说。于边炉内煮一锅清水，不需另加调味料，烹煮时由食材自动释出咸甜味。清水中也可加上几片萝卜用以浓郁口感，同时除去蔬菜的涩味。还有人喜欢在汤里加上一小块生石膏或豆腐，据说可减轻打边炉后口干舌燥之弊。
清水边炉，最重要的便是食材的“鲜”。一锅清水，就像是食材的试金石。清水边炉能放大新鲜食材的优点，不用太多雕刻和烘托，就能达到惊艳的效果。
广东人对打边炉的味觉要求并不单一。该鲜的时候不加修饰，享其真味，该“入味”时也不含糊。例如用羊肉煲打边炉时，可先将调料爆香，加入柱侯酱、海鲜酱、腐乳等酱料，然后放入带皮的羊肉在锅中焖煮，待羊肉充分吸味、软嫩弹滑之时再食。
无论淡或浓，自然本味还是精雕细琢，广东人都能在打边炉里吃出好滋味。
“优质又鲜美的食材经靓汤蒸煮，就着一点盐油，爽滑清鲜，为舌尖带来原汁原味的甜美。”广州一打边炉餐厅店长介绍，滑手的水鱼、鲜嫩的黄鳝、肥美的走地鸡、新鲜的黑山羊、爽脆嫩弹的猪肚和林林总总的海鲜……在广东各地，几乎都有可以称之为主打的边炉，就算吃上一个月也不重样。
打边炉里，吃的不仅是美味，更是广东人潇洒不拘的生活态度。在路边、天台、大排档或者家中，随时都可以呼朋唤友，来一锅打边炉，滚烫的美味中，身心都被温暖。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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